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The case files are identified under title C9.

The large number of cases—of which only a small part survives—clearly led the consular office to create a small separate archive under the heading “Expulsions”.

The surviving files in effect constitute a sample of a much larger body of files.

Expulsions, although numerous in Egypt, are not explicitly provided for either by the Consular Law or by implementing regulations (see G. PELISSIE DU RAUSAS, Le régime des capitulations dans l’Empire ottoman, I, Paris 1902, p. 255-260); nevertheless they were widely used. They were carried out by consular decree, understood as a mere administrative act—a security measure—directed against prostitutes, vagabonds, persons unwelcome to local authorities, or persons whose “morality” was considered questionable.

Article 101 of the 1866 Regulations prescribes that consuls record in a special register all passports issued or authenticated and the fees collected.

An extract of this register was to be transmitted to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the end of each quarter.

The register thus served the dual purpose of providing information on the movements of nationals and the entry of foreigners into the Kingdom, and of recording collected fees.

Consuls issue passports to nationals, grant them also to foreigners in cases provided for by regulations, and authenticate national and foreign passports (art. 28 of the Consular Law of 1866).

They also manage and authorise repatriations.

The Consular Law and its regulations do not, however, provide for expulsions, which are a mere administrative act (consular decree).

Among the consul’s duties is oversight of the Merchant Navy.
Consuls ensure that:

• captains and crews of merchant vessels comply with laws, regulations and public treaties (art. 27 of the 1866 Consular Law);
• and authenticate bills of health (ibid., art. 28).

The 1866 Consular Regulations further provide that each consulate keep a register of imports and exports, and a register of the inward and outward movements of national vessels calling at roadsteads and ports in the district, in accordance with rules set by the Ministry of the Navy (art. 144).

The consul is also required to provide information on the movements of foreign ships towards the Kingdom and on shipwrecks of nationals occurring within the district (ibid., art. 144).